Alix Davies is a Specialist Endodontist in private practice.

Federico Foschi is a Senior Lecturer/Consultant at Kings' College London in London, UK.

Shanon Patel is a Senior Lecturer/Consultant at Kings' College London in London, UK.

Dedications v

About the companion website ix

Part 1 Disease processes in endodontology 1

1 The causes and sequelae of endodontic disease 2

2 Microbiology of apical periodontitis 4

3 Resorption 6

Part 2 Diagnosis 9

4 History taking 10

5 Examination and special tests 12

6 Pulp testing 14

7 Radiographic imaging for endodontics 16

Part 3 Endodontic therapy 19

8 Vital pulp therapy 20

9 Root canal morphology 22

10 Access cavity design 24

11 Mechanical preparation of the root canals 26

12 Irrigation 28

13 Root canal medicaments 30

14 Endodontic files 32

15 Endodontic armamentarium 34

16 Obturation 36

17 Root canal retreatment 38

18 Surgical endodontic treatment 40

Part 4 Pain and pain management 43

19 Odontogenic and non-odontogenic pain 44

20 Local anaesthesia in endodontics 46

21 Pain management in endodontics 48

Part 5 Outcome of endodontic treatment 51

22 Outcome of root canal treatment 52

23 Outcome of root canal surgery 54

Part 6 Endodontology and other aspects of dentistry 57

24 Endodontic-periodontic interface 58

25 Endodontic-orthodontic interface 60

26 Restoration of the endodontically treated tooth 62

27 Paediatric endodontics 64

28 Endodontics in the older population 66

29 Retain or replace? 68

30 Teeth whitening 70

Part 7 Trauma 73

31 Assessment of traumatic injuries 74

32 Management of crown fractures 76

33 Management of (crown-) root fractures 78

34 Management of luxation injuries 80

35 Management of avulsed teeth 82

Part 8 Risk management 85

36 Risk management in endodontics 86

Index 88