Sandra J. Shultz, PhD, ATC, FNAK, FNAP, is a professor and chair in the department of kinesiology at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, where she serves as codirector of the Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory and as director of the Center for Women’s Health and Wellness.

As a researcher, Shultz focuses on the study of risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes and has received grant funding from the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS), the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) Research and Education Foundation, the National Football League Medical Charities, and the National Institutes of Health. She is the primary author of the NFHS’s Sports Medicine Handbook and the NATA’s Appropriate Medical Care for Intercollegiate Athletics. She has served as a senior associate editor for the Journal of Athletic Training and currently serves as an editorial board member for Sports Health.

Shultz is a certified athletic trainer and member of NATA, where she has a long history of leadership and service. Shultz was inducted into the NATA Hall of Fame in 2015. Her awards from the NATA and NATA Foundation include the Dr. Freddie & Mrs. Hilda Pang Fu New Investigator Award, the Most Distinguished Athletic Trainer Award, the Sayers “Bud” Miller Distinguished Educator Award, and the Medal for Distinguished Athletic Training Research.

Shultz is a fellow of the NATA, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), and the National Academy of Kinesiology (NAK).

Tamara C. Valovich McLeod, PhD, ATC, FNATA, FNAK, FNAP, is a professor and director of the athletic training department at A.T. Still University in Mesa, Arizona, where she serves as the John P. Wood, D.O., Endowed Chair for Sports Medicine.

McLeod was the founding director of the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network at A.T. Still University. As a researcher, McLeod has focused on the pediatric athlete with respect to sport-related concussions. She serves as an associate editor of the Journal of Sport Rehabilitation and a senior editor of the Journal of Athletic Training.

McLeod is a certified athletic trainer and fellow of the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA), where she has a long history of leadership and service. She is a contributing author for the NATA position statements on the management of sport-related concussions and the lead author on the NATA position statement on the prevention of pediatric overuse injuries. In 2016 McLeod was honored by NATA with the Most Distinguished Athletic Trainer Award, and she received the Medal for Distinguished Athletic Training Research from the NATA Foundation in 2023.

McLeod is heavily involved in professional service with the Arizona Interscholastic Association; the NFL Head, Neck, and Spine Committee; and the Brain Injury Association of Arizona. In 2019, she received the National Achievement Award for Athletic Training from the Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) Society.

Part I. Principles of Examination

Chapter 1. Anatomical Nomenclature and Injury Classifications
Anatomical Reference Terminology
Physical Maturity Classifications
Injury Classifications
Closed (Unexposed) Wounds
Open (Exposed) Wounds
Summary

Chapter 2. Principles of Examination: An Overview
Proper Use of Terminology
Examination Components
Documenting the Examination
Summary

Chapter 3. Taking a History
General Principles
Situation-Specific History and Depth of Inquiry
Summary

Chapter 4. Observation
General Principles
Details of Specific Observation
Summary

Chapter 5. Palpation
General Principles
Structures to Palpate
Palpation Strategies
Summary

Chapter 6. Active and Passive Joint Range of Motion
General Principles
Prerequisites for Successful ROM Examination
Examination of Physiologic Range of Motion
Examination of Accessory Motion
Examination of Ligament and Capsule Integrity
Summary

Chapter 7. Muscle Testing
General Principles
Manual Muscle Testing
Instrumented Muscle Testing
Summary

Chapter 8. Neurological Status
General Principles
Region-Specific Neurological Examination
Summary

Chapter 9. Cardiorespiratory Status
General Principles
Examination of Cardiorespiratory Status
Shock (Cardiovascular Collapse)
Summary

Chapter 10. Putting It All Together: General Examination Strategies
On-Site Examination
Acute Examination
Clinical Examination
Summary

Part II. Region-Specific Examination Strategies

Chapter 11. Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spine
Functional Anatomy
Regional Examination
Injury Recognition and Special Tests
Injury Examination Strategies
Summary

Chapter 12. Shoulder and Arm
Functional Anatomy
Regional Examination
Injury Recognition and Special Tests
Injury Examination Strategies
Summary

Chapter 13. Elbow and Forearm
Functional Anatomy
Regional Examination
Injury Recognition and Special Tests
Injury Examination Strategies
Summary

Chapter 14. Wrist and Hand
Functional Anatomy
Regional Examination
Injury Recognition and Special Tests
Injury Examination Strategies
Summary

Chapter 15. Lower Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
Functional Anatomy
Regional Examination
Injury Recognition and Special Tests
Injury Examination Strategies
Summary

Chapter 16. Leg, Ankle, and Foot
Functional Anatomy
Regional Examination
Injury Recognition and Special Tests
Injury Examination Strategies
Summary

Chapter 17. Knee and Thigh
Functional Anatomy
Regional Examination
Injury Recognition and Special Tests
Injury Examination Strategies
Summary

Chapter 18. Hip, Pelvis, and Groin
Functional Anatomy
Regional Examination
Injury Recognition and Special Tests
Injury Examination Strategies
Summary

Chapter 19. Head and Face
Functional Anatomy
Regional Examination
Injury Recognition and Special Tests
Injury Examination Strategies
Summary

Chapter 20. Thorax and Abdomen
Functional Anatomy
Regional Examination
Injury Recognition and Special Tests
Injury Examination Strategies
Summary