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The book covers the production and refining of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude to fuels and chemicals systematically and comprehensively, presenting a wealth of new knowledge and material. As such, it deals extensively with aspects of engineering, chemistry and catalysis. This handbook and ready reference adopts a fundamental approach, looking at the molecules and their transformation from feed to product. Numerous examples illustrate the possibilities and limitations of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude as feesdstock.
Of great interest to everyone interested in refining - not just Fischer-Tropsch specialists.
From the Contents:
- Fischer-Tropsch Facilities and Refineries at a Glance
- Production of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude
- Industrial Fischer-Tropsch Facilities
- Synthetic Transportation Fuels
- Refining Technology
- Refinery Design
The book covers the production and refining of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude to fuels and chemicals systematically and comprehensively, presenting a wealth of new knowledge and material. As such, it deals extensively with aspects of engineering, chemistry and catalysis. This handbook and ready reference adopts a fundamental approach, looking at the molecules and their transformation from feed to product. Numerous examples illustrate the possibilities and limitations of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude as feesdstock.
Of great interest to everyone interested in refining - not just Fischer-Tropsch specialists.
From the Contents:
- Fischer-Tropsch Facilities and Refineries at a Glance
- Production of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude
- Industrial Fischer-Tropsch Facilities
- Synthetic Transportation Fuels
- Refining Technology
- Refinery Design
Preface xix
Part I Introduction 1
1 Fischer-Tropsch Facilities at a Glance 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Feed-to-Syngas Conversion 4
1.2.1 Feed Logistics and Feed Preparation 5
1.2.2 Syngas Production 5
1.2.3 Syngas Cleaning and Conditioning 7
1.3 Syngas-to-Syncrude Conversion 8
1.4 Syncrude-to-Product Conversion 10
1.4.1 Upgrading versus Refining 10
1.4.2 Fuels versus Chemicals 11
1.4.3 Crude Oil Compared to Syncrude 12
1.5 Indirect Liquefaction Economics 14
1.5.1 Feed Cost 14
1.5.2 Product Pricing 15
1.5.3 Capital Cost 17
References 19
2 Refining and Refineries at a Glance 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Conventional Crude Oil 22
2.2.1 Hydrocarbons in Crude Oil 23
2.2.2 Sulfur Compounds in Crude Oil 23
2.2.3 Nitrogen Compounds in Crude Oil 25
2.2.4 Oxygenates in Crude Oil 25
2.2.5 Metals in Crude Oil 26
2.2.6 Physical Properties 27
2.3 Products from Crude Oil 28
2.3.1 Boiling Range and Product Quality 29
2.4 Evolution of Crude Oil Refineries 31
2.4.1 First-Generation Crude Oil Refineries 32
2.4.2 Second-Generation Crude Oil Refineries 33
2.4.3 Third-Generation Crude Oil Refineries 36
2.4.4 Fourth-Generation Crude Oil Refineries 39
2.4.5 Petrochemical Refineries 43
2.4.6 Lubricant Base Oil Refineries 44
References 46
Part II Production of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude 49
3 Synthesis Gas Production, Cleaning, and Conditioning 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Raw Materials 51
3.2.1 Natural Gas 51
3.2.2 Solid Carbon Sources 52
3.3 Syngas from Natural Gas 53
3.3.1 Natural Gas Cleaning 55
3.3.2 Adiabatic Prereforming 55
3.3.3 Steam Reforming 56
3.3.4 Adiabatic Oxidative Reforming 56
3.3.5 Gas Reforming Comparison 57
3.4 Syngas from Solid Carbon Sources 58
3.4.1 Gasification of Heteroatoms 59
3.4.2 Low-Temperature Moving Bed Gasification 60
3.4.3 Medium-Temperature Fluidized Bed Gasification 62
3.4.4 High-Temperature Entrained Flow Gasification 64
3.4.5 Gasification Comparison 66
3.5 Syngas Cleaning 66
3.5.1 Acid Gas Removal 67
3.6 Syngas Conditioning 69
3.6.1 Water Gas Shift Conversion 69
3.7 Air Separation Unit 70
References 71
4 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 73
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Fischer-Tropsch Mechanism 74
4.3 Fischer-Tropsch Product Selectivity 77
4.3.1 Probability of Chain Growth 78
4.3.2 Hydrogenation versus Desorption 80
4.3.3 Readsorption Chemistry 81
4.4 Selectivity Manipulation in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 81
4.4.1 Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Formulation 81
4.4.2 Fischer-Tropsch Operating Conditions 83
4.4.3 Fischer-Tropsch Reaction Engineering 84
4.5 Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Deactivation 88
4.5.1 Poisoning by Syngas Contaminants 89
4.5.2 Volatile Metal Carbonyl Formation 90
4.5.3 Metal Carboxylate Formation 91
4.5.4 Mechanical Catalyst Degradation 92
4.5.5 Deactivation of Fe-HTFT Catalysts 93
4.5.6 Deactivation of Fe-LTFT Catalysts 93
4.5.7 Deactivation of Co-LTFT Catalysts 95
References 99
5 Fischer-Tropsch Gas Loop 105
5.1 Introduction 105
5.2 Gas Loop Configurations 107
5.2.1 Open Gas Loop Design 107
5.2.2 Closed Gas Loop Design 108
5.3 Syncrude Cooling and Separation 109
5.3.1 Pressure Separation 110
5.3.2 Cryogenic Separation 110
5.3.3 Oxygenate Partitioning 111
5.3.4 HTFT Syncrude Recovery 113
5.3.5 LTFT Syncrude Recovery 114
References 116
Part III Industrial Fischer-Tropsch Facilities 117
6 German Fischer-Tropsch Facilities 119
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 Synthesis Gas Production 119
6.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 121
6.3.1 Normal-Pressure Synthesis 122
6.3.2 Medium-Pressure Synthesis 125
6.3.3 Gas Loop Design 127
6.3.4 Carbon Efficiency 128
6.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining 128
6.4.1 Refining C 3 -C 4 Crude LPG 129
6.4.2 Refining Carbon Gasoline 130
6.4.3 Refining of Condensate Oil 132
6.4.4 Refining of Waxes 135
6.4.5 Aqueous Product Refining 136
6.5 Discussion of the Refinery Design 137
References 138
7 American Hydrocol Facility 141
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 Synthesis Gas Production 142
7.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 143
7.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining 145
7.4.1 Oil Product Refining 146
7.4.2 Refining Aqueous Product 149
7.5 Discussion of the Refinery Design 150
References 151
8 Sasol 1 Facility 153
8.1 Introduction 153
8.2 Synthesis Gas Production 154
8.2.1 Lurgi Dry Ash Coal Gasification 154
8.2.2 Rectisol Synthesis Gas Cleaning 155
8.3 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis 157
8.3.1 Kellogg HTFT synthesis 157
8.3.2 Arge LTFT Synthesis 159
8.3.3 Gas Loop Design 162
8.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining 163
8.4.1 Kellogg HTFT Oil Refining 163
8.4.2 Arge LTFT Oil Refining 165
8.4.3 Aqueous Product Refining 166
8.4.4 Coal Pyrolysis Product Refining 169
8.4.5 Synthetic Fuel Properties 170
8.5 Evolution of the Sasol 1 Facility 172
8.5.1 Changes in Synthesis Gas Production 172
8.5.2 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 173
8.5.3 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Refining 174
8.5.4 Changes in Coal Pyrolysis Product Refining 177
8.6 Discussion of the Refinery Design 177
References 179
9 Sasol 2 and 3 Facilities 181
9.1 Introduction 181
9.2 Synthesis Gas Production 182
9.2.1 Lurgi Dry Ash Coal Gasification 182
9.2.2 Synthesis Gas Cleaning 182
9.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 183
9.3.1 Gas Loop Design 184
9.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining 186
9.4.1 Synthol HTFT Condensate Refining 188
9.4.2 Synthol HTFT Oil Refining 192
9.4.3 Aqueous Product Refining 194
9.4.4 Coal Pyrolysis Product Refining 196
9.4.5 Synthetic Fuel Properties 198
9.5 Evolution of Sasol Synfuels 199
9.5.1 Changes in Synthesis Gas Production 201
9.5.2 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 201
9.5.3 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Condensate Refining 202
9.5.4 Extraction of Linear 1-Alkenes 204
9.5.5 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Oil Refining 205
9.5.6 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Aqueous Product Refining 210
9.5.7 Changes in Coal Pyrolysis Product Refining 211
9.5.8 Synthetic Jet Fuel 212
9.6 Discussion of the Refinery Design 212
References 214
10 Mossgas Facility 217
10.1 Introduction 217
10.2 Synthesis Gas Production 218
10.2.1 Natural Gas Liquid Recovery 218
10.2.2 Gas Reforming 218
10.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 220
10.3.1 Gas Loop Design 221
10.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining 222
10.4.1 Oil Refining 222
10.4.2 Aqueous Product Refining 225
10.4.3 Synthetic Fuel Properties 227
10.5 Evolution of the PetroSA Facility 227
10.5.1 Addition of Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 227
10.5.2 Changes in the Fischer-Tropsch Refinery 227
10.6 Discussion of the Refinery Design 228
References 229
11 Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) Facilities 231
11.1 Introduction 231
11.2 Synthesis Gas Production in Bintulu GTL 232
11.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Bintulu GTL 233
11.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining in Bintulu GTL 235
11.4.1 Oil Refining 235
11.4.2 Aqueous Product Treatment 238
11.5 Pearl GTL Facility 238
11.6 Discussion of the Refinery Design 239
References 239
12 Oryx and Escravos Gas-to-Liquids Facilities 241
12.1 Introduction 241
12.2 Synthesis Gas Production in Oryx GTL 242
12.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Oryx GTL 243
12.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining in Oryx GTL 244
12.4.1 Oil Refining 244
12.4.2 Aqueous Product Treatment 247
12.5 Discussion of the Refinery Design 247
References 248
Part IV Synthetic Transportation Fuels 249
13 Motor-Gasoline 251
13.1 Introduction 251
13.2 Motor-Gasoline Specifications 252
13.3 Motor-Gasoline Properties 253
13.3.1 Octane Number 253
13.3.2 Density 259
13.3.3 Volatility 259
13.3.4 Fuel Stability 261
13.3.5 Alkene Content 261
13.3.6 Aromatic Content 262
13.3.7 Sulfur Content 262
13.3.8 Oxygenate Content 262
13.3.9 Metal Content 263
13.4 Aviation-Gasoline 264
13.5 Future Motor-Gasoline Specification Changes 265
References 266
14 Jet Fuel 269
14.1 Introduction 269
14.2 Jet Fuel Specifications 270
14.2.1 Synthetic Jet Fuel 271
14.2.2 Fuel for Military Use 272
14.3 Jet Fuel Properties 273
14.3.1 Net Heat of Combustion 274
14.3.2 Density and Viscosity 275
14.3.3 Freezing Point Temperature 276
14.3.4 Aromatic Content and Smoke Point 276
14.3.5 Sulfur and Acid Content 278
14.3.6 Volatility 278
14.3.7 Stability 278
14.3.8 Elastomer Compatibility and Lubricity 279
14.4 Future Jet Fuel Specification Changes 280
References 280
15 Diesel Fuel 283
15.1 Introduction 283
15.2 DieselFuelSpecifications 284
15.3 DieselFuelProperties 286
15.3.1 Cetane Number 286
15.3.2 Density and Viscosity 290
15.3.3 Flash Point 290
...| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2011 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Allgemeines |
| Genre: | Chemie, Mathematik, Medizin, Naturwissenschaften, Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Inhalt: |
XXII
620 S. 181 s/w Illustr. 161 s/w Tab. 342 Illustr. |
| ISBN-13: | 9783527326051 |
| ISBN-10: | 3527326057 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 1132605 000 |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Klerk, Arno de |
| Hersteller: | Wiley-VCH GmbH |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Wiley-VCH GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, product-safety@wiley.com |
| Abbildungen: | 181 schwarz-weiße Abbildungen, 161 schwarz-weiße Tabellen |
| Maße: | 250 x 175 x 39 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Arno de Klerk |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 20.07.2011 |
| Gewicht: | 1,275 kg |
Preface xix
Part I Introduction 1
1 Fischer-Tropsch Facilities at a Glance 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Feed-to-Syngas Conversion 4
1.2.1 Feed Logistics and Feed Preparation 5
1.2.2 Syngas Production 5
1.2.3 Syngas Cleaning and Conditioning 7
1.3 Syngas-to-Syncrude Conversion 8
1.4 Syncrude-to-Product Conversion 10
1.4.1 Upgrading versus Refining 10
1.4.2 Fuels versus Chemicals 11
1.4.3 Crude Oil Compared to Syncrude 12
1.5 Indirect Liquefaction Economics 14
1.5.1 Feed Cost 14
1.5.2 Product Pricing 15
1.5.3 Capital Cost 17
References 19
2 Refining and Refineries at a Glance 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Conventional Crude Oil 22
2.2.1 Hydrocarbons in Crude Oil 23
2.2.2 Sulfur Compounds in Crude Oil 23
2.2.3 Nitrogen Compounds in Crude Oil 25
2.2.4 Oxygenates in Crude Oil 25
2.2.5 Metals in Crude Oil 26
2.2.6 Physical Properties 27
2.3 Products from Crude Oil 28
2.3.1 Boiling Range and Product Quality 29
2.4 Evolution of Crude Oil Refineries 31
2.4.1 First-Generation Crude Oil Refineries 32
2.4.2 Second-Generation Crude Oil Refineries 33
2.4.3 Third-Generation Crude Oil Refineries 36
2.4.4 Fourth-Generation Crude Oil Refineries 39
2.4.5 Petrochemical Refineries 43
2.4.6 Lubricant Base Oil Refineries 44
References 46
Part II Production of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude 49
3 Synthesis Gas Production, Cleaning, and Conditioning 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Raw Materials 51
3.2.1 Natural Gas 51
3.2.2 Solid Carbon Sources 52
3.3 Syngas from Natural Gas 53
3.3.1 Natural Gas Cleaning 55
3.3.2 Adiabatic Prereforming 55
3.3.3 Steam Reforming 56
3.3.4 Adiabatic Oxidative Reforming 56
3.3.5 Gas Reforming Comparison 57
3.4 Syngas from Solid Carbon Sources 58
3.4.1 Gasification of Heteroatoms 59
3.4.2 Low-Temperature Moving Bed Gasification 60
3.4.3 Medium-Temperature Fluidized Bed Gasification 62
3.4.4 High-Temperature Entrained Flow Gasification 64
3.4.5 Gasification Comparison 66
3.5 Syngas Cleaning 66
3.5.1 Acid Gas Removal 67
3.6 Syngas Conditioning 69
3.6.1 Water Gas Shift Conversion 69
3.7 Air Separation Unit 70
References 71
4 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 73
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Fischer-Tropsch Mechanism 74
4.3 Fischer-Tropsch Product Selectivity 77
4.3.1 Probability of Chain Growth 78
4.3.2 Hydrogenation versus Desorption 80
4.3.3 Readsorption Chemistry 81
4.4 Selectivity Manipulation in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 81
4.4.1 Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Formulation 81
4.4.2 Fischer-Tropsch Operating Conditions 83
4.4.3 Fischer-Tropsch Reaction Engineering 84
4.5 Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Deactivation 88
4.5.1 Poisoning by Syngas Contaminants 89
4.5.2 Volatile Metal Carbonyl Formation 90
4.5.3 Metal Carboxylate Formation 91
4.5.4 Mechanical Catalyst Degradation 92
4.5.5 Deactivation of Fe-HTFT Catalysts 93
4.5.6 Deactivation of Fe-LTFT Catalysts 93
4.5.7 Deactivation of Co-LTFT Catalysts 95
References 99
5 Fischer-Tropsch Gas Loop 105
5.1 Introduction 105
5.2 Gas Loop Configurations 107
5.2.1 Open Gas Loop Design 107
5.2.2 Closed Gas Loop Design 108
5.3 Syncrude Cooling and Separation 109
5.3.1 Pressure Separation 110
5.3.2 Cryogenic Separation 110
5.3.3 Oxygenate Partitioning 111
5.3.4 HTFT Syncrude Recovery 113
5.3.5 LTFT Syncrude Recovery 114
References 116
Part III Industrial Fischer-Tropsch Facilities 117
6 German Fischer-Tropsch Facilities 119
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 Synthesis Gas Production 119
6.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 121
6.3.1 Normal-Pressure Synthesis 122
6.3.2 Medium-Pressure Synthesis 125
6.3.3 Gas Loop Design 127
6.3.4 Carbon Efficiency 128
6.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining 128
6.4.1 Refining C 3 -C 4 Crude LPG 129
6.4.2 Refining Carbon Gasoline 130
6.4.3 Refining of Condensate Oil 132
6.4.4 Refining of Waxes 135
6.4.5 Aqueous Product Refining 136
6.5 Discussion of the Refinery Design 137
References 138
7 American Hydrocol Facility 141
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 Synthesis Gas Production 142
7.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 143
7.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining 145
7.4.1 Oil Product Refining 146
7.4.2 Refining Aqueous Product 149
7.5 Discussion of the Refinery Design 150
References 151
8 Sasol 1 Facility 153
8.1 Introduction 153
8.2 Synthesis Gas Production 154
8.2.1 Lurgi Dry Ash Coal Gasification 154
8.2.2 Rectisol Synthesis Gas Cleaning 155
8.3 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis 157
8.3.1 Kellogg HTFT synthesis 157
8.3.2 Arge LTFT Synthesis 159
8.3.3 Gas Loop Design 162
8.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining 163
8.4.1 Kellogg HTFT Oil Refining 163
8.4.2 Arge LTFT Oil Refining 165
8.4.3 Aqueous Product Refining 166
8.4.4 Coal Pyrolysis Product Refining 169
8.4.5 Synthetic Fuel Properties 170
8.5 Evolution of the Sasol 1 Facility 172
8.5.1 Changes in Synthesis Gas Production 172
8.5.2 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 173
8.5.3 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Refining 174
8.5.4 Changes in Coal Pyrolysis Product Refining 177
8.6 Discussion of the Refinery Design 177
References 179
9 Sasol 2 and 3 Facilities 181
9.1 Introduction 181
9.2 Synthesis Gas Production 182
9.2.1 Lurgi Dry Ash Coal Gasification 182
9.2.2 Synthesis Gas Cleaning 182
9.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 183
9.3.1 Gas Loop Design 184
9.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining 186
9.4.1 Synthol HTFT Condensate Refining 188
9.4.2 Synthol HTFT Oil Refining 192
9.4.3 Aqueous Product Refining 194
9.4.4 Coal Pyrolysis Product Refining 196
9.4.5 Synthetic Fuel Properties 198
9.5 Evolution of Sasol Synfuels 199
9.5.1 Changes in Synthesis Gas Production 201
9.5.2 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 201
9.5.3 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Condensate Refining 202
9.5.4 Extraction of Linear 1-Alkenes 204
9.5.5 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Oil Refining 205
9.5.6 Changes in Fischer-Tropsch Aqueous Product Refining 210
9.5.7 Changes in Coal Pyrolysis Product Refining 211
9.5.8 Synthetic Jet Fuel 212
9.6 Discussion of the Refinery Design 212
References 214
10 Mossgas Facility 217
10.1 Introduction 217
10.2 Synthesis Gas Production 218
10.2.1 Natural Gas Liquid Recovery 218
10.2.2 Gas Reforming 218
10.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 220
10.3.1 Gas Loop Design 221
10.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining 222
10.4.1 Oil Refining 222
10.4.2 Aqueous Product Refining 225
10.4.3 Synthetic Fuel Properties 227
10.5 Evolution of the PetroSA Facility 227
10.5.1 Addition of Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 227
10.5.2 Changes in the Fischer-Tropsch Refinery 227
10.6 Discussion of the Refinery Design 228
References 229
11 Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) Facilities 231
11.1 Introduction 231
11.2 Synthesis Gas Production in Bintulu GTL 232
11.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Bintulu GTL 233
11.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining in Bintulu GTL 235
11.4.1 Oil Refining 235
11.4.2 Aqueous Product Treatment 238
11.5 Pearl GTL Facility 238
11.6 Discussion of the Refinery Design 239
References 239
12 Oryx and Escravos Gas-to-Liquids Facilities 241
12.1 Introduction 241
12.2 Synthesis Gas Production in Oryx GTL 242
12.3 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Oryx GTL 243
12.4 Fischer-Tropsch Refining in Oryx GTL 244
12.4.1 Oil Refining 244
12.4.2 Aqueous Product Treatment 247
12.5 Discussion of the Refinery Design 247
References 248
Part IV Synthetic Transportation Fuels 249
13 Motor-Gasoline 251
13.1 Introduction 251
13.2 Motor-Gasoline Specifications 252
13.3 Motor-Gasoline Properties 253
13.3.1 Octane Number 253
13.3.2 Density 259
13.3.3 Volatility 259
13.3.4 Fuel Stability 261
13.3.5 Alkene Content 261
13.3.6 Aromatic Content 262
13.3.7 Sulfur Content 262
13.3.8 Oxygenate Content 262
13.3.9 Metal Content 263
13.4 Aviation-Gasoline 264
13.5 Future Motor-Gasoline Specification Changes 265
References 266
14 Jet Fuel 269
14.1 Introduction 269
14.2 Jet Fuel Specifications 270
14.2.1 Synthetic Jet Fuel 271
14.2.2 Fuel for Military Use 272
14.3 Jet Fuel Properties 273
14.3.1 Net Heat of Combustion 274
14.3.2 Density and Viscosity 275
14.3.3 Freezing Point Temperature 276
14.3.4 Aromatic Content and Smoke Point 276
14.3.5 Sulfur and Acid Content 278
14.3.6 Volatility 278
14.3.7 Stability 278
14.3.8 Elastomer Compatibility and Lubricity 279
14.4 Future Jet Fuel Specification Changes 280
References 280
15 Diesel Fuel 283
15.1 Introduction 283
15.2 DieselFuelSpecifications 284
15.3 DieselFuelProperties 286
15.3.1 Cetane Number 286
15.3.2 Density and Viscosity 290
15.3.3 Flash Point 290
...| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2011 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Allgemeines |
| Genre: | Chemie, Mathematik, Medizin, Naturwissenschaften, Technik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Inhalt: |
XXII
620 S. 181 s/w Illustr. 161 s/w Tab. 342 Illustr. |
| ISBN-13: | 9783527326051 |
| ISBN-10: | 3527326057 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 1132605 000 |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Klerk, Arno de |
| Hersteller: | Wiley-VCH GmbH |
| Verantwortliche Person für die EU: | Wiley-VCH GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, product-safety@wiley.com |
| Abbildungen: | 181 schwarz-weiße Abbildungen, 161 schwarz-weiße Tabellen |
| Maße: | 250 x 175 x 39 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Arno de Klerk |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 20.07.2011 |
| Gewicht: | 1,275 kg |
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