Ron Ritchhart, Ed.D. is a senior researcher at Project Zero, Harvard Graduate School of Education. He is the author of Intellectual Character from Jossey-Bass.

Mark Church is the Learning, Assessment, and Instructional Resource Supervisor for the Traverse City Area Public Schools in Michigan.

Karin Morrison, educator and Children's Rights advocate, is president of the Janusz Korczak Association Australia. Her experiences as in-school leader for the first Cultures of Thinking project, faculty member for Project Zero Summer Institutes, Project Zero Classroom and Future of Learning, contribute to her working with and for young people to have the right to quality education.

List of Figures and Tables ix
DVD Contents xi
Foreword xiii
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
About the Authors xxv PART ONE Some Thinking about Thinking 1 ONE Unpacking Thinking 3Beyond Bloom 6
Beyond Memorization, Work, and Activity 8
A Map of Thinking Involved in Understanding 11
Other Kinds of Thinking 14
Uncovering Students' Thinking About Thinking 15 TWO Putting Thinking at the Center of the Educational Enterprise 23How Does Visibility Serve Both Learning and Teaching? 27
How Can We Make the Invisible Visible? 30 PART TWO Using Thinking Routines to Make Thinking Visible 41 THREE Introduction to Thinking Routines 43ThreeWays of Looking at Thinking Routines 45
How Are the Thinking Routines Organized? 49 FOUR Routines for Introducing and Exploring Ideas 53See-Think-Wonder 55
Zoom In 64
Think-Puzzle-Explore 71
Chalk Talk 78
3-2-1 Bridge 86
Compass Points 93
The Explanation Game 101 FIVE Routines for Synthesizing and Organizing Ideas 109Headlines 111
CSI: Color, Symbol, Image 119
Generate-Sort-Connect-Elaborate: Concept Maps 125
Connect-Extend-Challenge 132
The 4C's 140
The Micro Lab Protocol 147
I Used to Think. . . , Now I Think . . . 154 SIX Routines for Digging Deeper into Ideas 163What Makes You Say That? 165
Circle of Viewpoints 171
Step Inside 178
Red Light, Yellow Light 185
Claim-Support-Question 191
Tug-of-War 199
Sentence-Phrase-Word 207 PART THREE Bringing the Power of Visible Thinking to Life 215 SEVEN Creating a Place Where Thinking Is Valued, Visible, and Actively Promoted 217Making Room for Reflection 222
Making Time for Our Own Learning 229
The Making of an Elaborated Conversation 234
The Forces That Shape Culture 240 EIGHT Notes from the Field 247The Challenges of Making Thinking Visible in a Mathematics Class and
Beyond: The Case of Mark Church 250
Content + Routines + Students = A Culture of Thinking: The Case of Sharonne Blum 256
What These Cases Reveal About the Use of Routines 261
Stages of Development in the Use of Thinking Routines 262
Common Pitfalls and Struggles 267
In Conclusion 272 References 275
Index 281
How to Use the DVD 293