Part I Biological background: An evolutionary view of menopause.- Menopause: the concepts and the biological background.- Primary ovarian insufficiency.- Part II Impact of estrogen depletion on symptoms and quality of life: Clinical symptoms and quality of life (1).- Clinical symptoms and quality of life (2).- The genitourinary syndrome. Vaginal health and microbiota.- Part III: The impact of estrogen depletion on disease susceptibility: Osteoporosis.- Metabolic syndrome.- Other chronic noncommunicable diseases (Cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis).- Part IV Management of menopause: Hormone therapy (I): estrogens and progestogens.- Hormone therapy (II): tibolone, the TSEC concept.- The impact of hormone therapy on the clinical features of menopause.- The impact of hormone therapy on health (Osteoporosis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, cognition).- Pharmacological compounds other than hormones: which and when.- Alternative medicine.- Lifestyle: physical activity.- Lifestyle: nutrition.- Part V Menopause in the context of healthy ageing: Frailty and co-morbidities. Frailty in women.- Sarcopenia and dynapenia.- The health challenges at menopause and midlife: sustainability, ICT technology, patient empowerment.