Jacob Bear is a Professor Emeritus at the Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering of the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, where, for many years, he held the Albert and Anne Mansfield Chair in Water Resources. He received his [...]., P.E., and [...]. degrees from the Technion, and his Ph.D. degree from the Univ. of California at Berkeley (1960). He was the first recipient (1977) of the Birdsall Distinguished Lecturer in Hydrogeology, awarded by the Geological Society of America, Hydrogeological Div., Washington, D.C. He was awarded Honorary Doctorates in Technological Sciences both by the Delft Univ. of Technology, The Netherlands (1978), and by E.T.H., Zurich, Switzerland (1988). He is a fellow of the American Geophysical Union, and was awarded the 1990 K. Hubbert Award by the National Ground Water Association (USA). He was awarded the Rothschild Prize in Engineering (Israel) in 1998 and the Excellence in Education Medal by the American Geophysical Union(AGU) in 2003. He was elected Boussinesq Lecturer for 2006 by the Boussinesq Center for Hydrology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. In 2009, he was the first to be awarded honorary lifetime membership by INTERPORE-The International Society for Porous medium. The American Geophysical Union (AGU) awarded him The Horton medal for 2010, for his contributions to hydrology. In 2014 he was awarded honorary lifetime membership of the Israel Association for Water Resources.
He joined the Faculty of Civil Engineering at the Technion - Israel Inst. of Technology in 1960, and was promoted to professor in 1970 and has served as deputy vice president (1970-1972), vice president for academic affairs (1972-1976), dean of the Graduate School (1984-1986). He was the first director of the S. Neaman Institute for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology (1978-1982), and dean of Civil Engineering (1995-1997). In 2003 he founded the School of Engineering at the Kinneret College on the Sea of Galilee,Zemach, Israel, and served as its first dean until 2014. His teaching, research, and consulting cover the areas of groundwater hydrology and hydraulics, management of water resources, subsurface contamination and remediation, and the general theory of transport phenomena in porous media. Since 2008, he has been conducting research on CO2 sequestration in deep geological formations within the framework of the European Community. He was a consultant on groundwater hydrology and management, policy and development of water resources to the Hydrological Service Water Commission, Ministry of Agriculture, (1960-1987), to Water Planning for Israel Ltd. (TAHAL) (1960-1989), to Sandia National Laboratory, to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1990-2010), and to private companies in Israel and abroad. His work has been summarized in over 200 papers in scientific journals, research reports, and books. He authored six well-known books, used by students and practitioners around the globe.

This is the most comprehensive book on mathematical modeling of groundwater flow and contaminant transport. It is written by one of the most highly cited authors of groundwater books (Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media, and Hydraulics of Groundwater). Its purpose is to construct conceptual and mathematical models that can provide the information required for making decisions associated with the management of groundwater resources, and the remediation of contaminated aquifers. The basic approach of the book is to accurately describe the underlying physics of groundwater flow and solute transport in heterogeneous porous media, starting at the microscopic level, and to rigorously derive their mathematical representations at the macroscopic level. However, the amount of mathematical knowledge required is kept minimal. Occasionally, mathematical help is provided.

Preface
List of Main Symbols
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Role of Groundwater in Water Resources
Systems
1.1.1 The hydrological cycle
1.1.2 Surface water versus groundwater
1.1.3 Characteristics of groundwater
1.1.4 Functions of aquifers
1.1.5 Subsurface contamination
1.1.6 Sustainable yield
1.2 Modeling
1.2.1 Modeling concepts
1.2.2 Modeling process
1.2.3. Model use
1.3 Continuum Approach to Transport in Porous Media
1.3.1 Phases, chemical species and components
1.3.2 Need for a continuum approach
1.3.3 Representative elementary volume and averages
1.3.4 Scale of heterogeneity in continuum models
1.3.5 Homogenization
1.4 Scope and Organization
2 GROUNDWATER AND AQUIFERS
2.1 Definitions of Aquifers
2.2 Moisture Distribution in a Vertical Soil Profile
2.3 Classification of Aquifers
2.4 Solid Matrix Properties
2.4.1 Soil classification based on grain size distribution
2.4.2 Porosity and void ratio
2.4.3 Specific surface
2.5 Inhomogeneity and Anisotropy
2.6 Hydraulic Approach to Flow in Aquifers
3 REGIONAL GROUNDWATER BALANCE
3.1 Groundwater Flow and Leakage
3.1.1 Inflow and outflow through aquifer boundaries
3.1.2 Leakage
3.2 Natural Replenishment from Precipitation
3.3 Return Flow from Irrigation and Sewage
3.4 Artificial Recharge
3.4.1 Objectives
3.4.2 Methods
3.5 River-Aquifer Interrelationships
3.6 Springs
3.7 Evapotranspiration
3.8 Pumping and Drainage
3.9 Change in Storage
3.10 Regional Groundwater Balance
4 GROUNDWATER MOTION
4.1 Darcy¿s Law
4.1.1 The empirical law
4.1.2 Extension to a three-dimensional space
4.1.3 Hydraulic conductivity
4.1.4 Extension to anisotropic porous media
4.2 Darcy¿s Law as Momentum Balance Equation
4.2.1 Darcy¿s law by volume averaging
4.2.2 Darcy¿s law by homogenization
4.2.3 Effective hydraulic conductivity by homogenization
4.3 Non-Darcy Laws
4.3.1 Range of validity of Darcy¿s law
4.3.2 Non-Darcian motion equations
4.4 Aquifer Transmissivity
4.5 Dupuit Assumption for a Phreatic Aquifer
5 WATER BALANCES AND COMPLETE FLOW MODEL
5.1 Mass Balance Equations
5.1.1 Fundamental mass balance equation
5.1.2 Deformable porous medium
5.1.3 Specific storativity
5.1.4 Flow equations
5.2 Initial and Boundary Conditions
5.2.1 Boundary surface
5.2.2 Initial and general boundary conditions
5.2.3 Particular boundary conditions
5.3 Complete 3-D Mathematical Flow Model
5.3.1 Well-posed problem
5.3.2 Conceptual model
5.3.3 Standard content of a flow model
5.4 Modeling 2-D Flow in Aquifers
5.4.1 Deriving the 2-D balance equations by integration
5.4.2 Another derivation of the 2-D balance equations
5.4.3 Complete aquifer flow models
5.4.4 Effect of storage changes in an aquitard
5.4.5 Multilayered aquifer-aquitard system
5.4.6 Groundwater maps and streamlines
5.5 Land Subsidence
5.5.1 Integrated water mass balance equation
5.5.2 Integrated equilibrium equation
5.5.3 Terzaghi-Jacob vs. Biot approaches
5.5.4 Land subsidence produced by pumping
6 MODELING FLOW IN THE UNSATURATED ZONE
6.1 Statics of Fluids in the Unsaturated Zone
6.1.1 Water content
6.1.2 Surface tension
6.1.3 Capillary pressure
6.1.4 Retention curve
6.1.5 Experimental determination of