Silvia Bacci is an assistant professor of statistics in the Department of Economics at the University of Perugia. Her research interests include multidimensional and latent class item response theory models and extensions, estimation of item response theory models with R, latent Markov models for multivariate longitudinal data, and the application of these methods and models in educational and quality-of-life settings. She has published articles on these topics in international journals and participated in several research projects.

Michela Gnaldi is an assistant professor of applied statistics in the Department of Political Sciences at the University of Perugia. She is editorial manager of the Italian Journal of Applied Statistics. Her main research interest concerns measurement in education, with particular regard to multidimensional, multilevel, and latent class item response theory models. She has published articles on these topics in international journals and participated in several projects in Italy and the United Kingdom. She actively collaborates with the "Istituto Nazionale di Valutazione del Sistema dell'Istruzione" (INVALSI).