Introduction Warren Breckman and Peter E. Gordon; 1. German idealism: the thought of modernity Terry Pinkard; [...]opean romanticism: ambivalent responses to the sense of a new epoch Nicholas Halmi; 3. History, tradition and skepticism: the patterns of nineteenth-century theology David Fergusson; 4. The young Hegelians: philosophy as critical praxis Warren Breckman; 5. Utilitarianism, God, and moral obligation from Locke to Sidgwick Philip Schofield; 6. Capital, class, and empire: nineteenth-century political economy and its imaginary Francesco Boldizzoni; 7. Positivism in European intellectual, political, and religious life Mary Pickering; [...]opean liberalism in the nineteenth century Jerrold Seigel; [...]opean socialism from the 1790s to the 1890s Gareth Stedman Jones; 10. Conservatism: the utility of history and the case against rationalist radicalism Jerry Muller; 11. The woman question: liberal and socialist critiques of the status of women Naomi Andrews; 12. Darwinism and social Darwinism Gregory Radick; 13. Historicism from Ranke to Nietzsche John Toews; 14. Philology, language, and the constitution of meaning and human communities Tuska Benes; 15. Decadence and the 'second modernity' Mary Gluck; 16. Nihilism, pessimism, and the conditions of modernity Christian Emden; 17. Civilisation, culture and race: anthropology in the nineteenth century Adam Kuper; 18. The varieties of nationalist thought Erica Benner; 19. Ideas of empire: civilization, race, and global hierarchy Jennifer Pitts; 20. Rethinking revolution: radicalism at the end of the long nineteenth century Claudia Verhoeven.