Introduction Josephine Crawley Quinn and Nicholas C. Vella; Part I. Contexts: 1. Phoinix and Poenus: usage in antiquity Jonathan R. W. Prag; 2. The invention of the Phoenicians Nicholas C. Vella; 3. Punic identities and modern perceptions in the western Mediterranean Peter van Dommelen; 4. Phoenicity, Punicities Sandro Filippo Bondì; 5. Death among the Punics Carlos Gómez Bellard; 6. Coins and their use in the Punic Mediterranean Suzanne Frey-Kupper; Part II. Case Studies: 7. Defining Punic Carthage Boutheina Maraoui Telmini, Roald Docter, Babette Bechtold, Fethi Chelbi and Winfred van de Put; 8. Punic identity in North Africa: the funerary world Habib Ben Younès and Alia Krandel-Ben Younès; 9. A Carthaginian perspective on the altars of the Philaeni Josephine Crawley Quinn; 10. Numidia and the Punic world Virginie Bridoux; 11. Punic Mauretania? Emanuele Papi; 12. Punic after Punic times? The case of the so-called 'Libyphoenician' coins of southern Iberia Alicia Jiménez; 13. More than neighbours: Punic-Iberian connections in southeast Iberia Carmen Aranegui Gascó and Jaime Vives-Ferrándiz Sánchez; 14. Identifying Punic Sardinia: local communities and cultural identities Andrea Roppa; 15. Phoenician identities in Hellenistic times: strategies and negotiations Corinne Bonnet; Afterword Andrew Wallace-Hadrill.